Silver fillings, also known as dental amalgam, are one of the most commonly used materials for filling cavities. They have been used for over 150 years to treat cavities in teeth. Though silver fillings are widely used, many patients may wonder what they are made of and how safe they are. In this article, we will break down the components of silver fillings, their uses, and address common concerns about their safety.
What Are Silver Fillings?
Silver fillings are made from a mixture of metals, primarily silver, mercury, tin, and copper. These materials come together to form a durable and strong filling. Dental amalgam is known for its long-lasting nature, making it a popular choice for treating cavities, especially in the back teeth where chewing pressure is greatest.
Composition of Silver Fillings
Dental amalgam is a combination of the following metals:
Mercury: Mercury is a liquid at room temperature. It forms the base of the amalgam and binds the other metals together to create a solid filling. About 50% of dental amalgam consists of mercury. Despite its liquid form, when mixed with other metals, mercury becomes stable and safe for use in dental fillings.
Silver: Silver gives the filling its characteristic gray or silver color. It is also a strong metal, providing durability and resistance to wear. Silver makes up around 30% of the filling material.
Tin: Tin is added to improve the workability of the filling. It helps the amalgam bond well with the tooth structure. Tin generally makes up about 14% of the filling.
Copper: Copper is included to increase the strength of the filling and reduce the risk of corrosion. It typically makes up around 6% of the filling material.
Together, these materials form a filling that is sturdy, easy to place, and highly effective at restoring a tooth’s structure after a cavity.
How Silver Fillings Are Made
Dental amalgam is created by mixing liquid mercury with powdered metals, which include silver, tin, and copper. The dentist then places the mixture into the cavity while it is still soft. Over time, the amalgam hardens and bonds with the tooth. The hardening process takes just a few minutes, allowing the patient to return to normal activities soon after the procedure.
Advantages of Silver Fillings
Silver fillings have several advantages that make them popular among dentists:
Durability
Silver fillings are known for their longevity. They can last for many years, even decades, if cared for properly. They are resistant to wear and can withstand the pressure from chewing and biting. This is why silver fillings are often used in the back teeth, where the force of chewing is the strongest.
Cost-Effective
Compared to other types of fillings, such as composite or gold, silver fillings tend to be more affordable. The materials are less expensive, and the process of placing the filling is quicker. This makes silver fillings an economical choice for many patients.
Strength and Stability
Silver fillings are highly stable. They are resistant to cracking and chipping, even under the intense pressure of chewing. This makes them especially useful for restoring teeth that are subject to heavy wear, such as molars.
Easy to Use
Dentists are very experienced in placing silver fillings. The process is straightforward, and the material is easy to work with. This makes silver fillings a reliable and predictable choice for dental restorations.
Proven Track Record
Silver fillings have been used in dentistry for over 150 years. They have a long history of effectiveness and safety. While there are newer filling materials available, silver fillings remain one of the most trusted options in dental care.
Disadvantages of Silver Fillings
While silver fillings have many benefits, they also have some drawbacks that patients should consider:
Appearance
One of the biggest concerns about silver fillings is their appearance. They are not as aesthetically pleasing as white or tooth-colored fillings. Since they are gray, silver fillings are visible when you smile or talk, especially if they are placed in the front teeth. However, they are more commonly used for back teeth, where appearance is less of a concern.
Mercury Content
Silver fillings contain mercury, which is a concern for some patients. Mercury is toxic in large quantities, and there has been concern over whether the small amount in dental amalgam could pose a risk to health. However, numerous studies and reviews by health authorities, such as the American Dental Association (ADA) and the World Health Organization (WHO), have found that dental amalgam fillings are safe for most people. The mercury in dental amalgam is bound with other metals, making it stable and non-toxic when used in fillings.
Expansion and Contraction
Silver fillings can expand and contract with temperature changes. For example, when you eat hot or cold foods, the filling may expand or contract slightly. Over time, this can cause the filling to become loose or crack the surrounding tooth structure. This is one reason why it is important to visit the dentist regularly for check-ups.
Potential for Allergic Reactions
Some people may have an allergy to one of the metals in silver fillings, such as mercury, silver, or copper. Though this is rare, allergic reactions can cause discomfort or irritation. If you experience any symptoms of an allergy, it is important to consult with your dentist about alternative filling options.
Are Silver Fillings Safe?
The safety of silver fillings, particularly the mercury content, has been a topic of discussion for many years. However, extensive research and studies have shown that dental amalgam is generally safe for most people. The amount of mercury released from a silver filling is very small, and it is not enough to cause harm. Dental professionals continue to use silver fillings because they have been proven to be both effective and safe over time.
Guidelines from Health Authorities
American Dental Association (ADA): The ADA supports the use of silver fillings and states that they are safe and effective. According to the ADA, the mercury in dental amalgam is tightly bound in the filling and does not pose a health risk to patients.
World Health Organization (WHO): WHO has also reviewed the safety of mercury in dental amalgam and concluded that the material is safe for use in fillings.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA): The FDA regulates dental materials and has classified dental amalgam as a safe material for use in fillings. The FDA has set strict guidelines for its use and labeling.
Alternatives to Silver Fillings
If you are concerned about the appearance or safety of silver fillings, there are alternatives available. Some popular options include:
Composite Fillings: These fillings are made from a mixture of resins and glass. They are tooth-colored and blend well with natural teeth, making them a good choice for visible areas.
Porcelain Fillings: Porcelain fillings are highly aesthetic and durable. They are more expensive than silver fillings but offer a more natural look.
Gold Fillings: Gold is a strong and durable material, but it is also expensive and more noticeable than silver or tooth-colored fillings.
How to Care for Silver Fillings
Caring for silver fillings is important to ensure their longevity. Here are some tips to maintain your fillings:
Brush and Floss Regularly: Proper oral hygiene is key to preventing cavities and gum disease. Brush your teeth at least twice a day and floss once a day to keep your fillings and surrounding teeth clean.
Avoid Hard Foods: While silver fillings are durable, they can still be damaged by extremely hard foods, such as ice or hard candy. Avoid biting into these types of foods to prevent damaging your fillings.
Regular Dental Check-Ups: Visit your dentist regularly to check the condition of your fillings. Over time, fillings may wear down, crack, or become loose, so it’s important to have them checked to prevent further dental issues.
Avoid Excessive Pressure: If you grind your teeth or clench your jaw, it can put extra pressure on your fillings. Talk to your dentist about treatments to protect your fillings, such as wearing a nightguard.
Conclusion
Silver fillings are a reliable and durable option for filling cavities. They are made from a mixture of metals, including mercury, silver, tin, and copper, which together form a strong, long-lasting material. While there are some concerns about their appearance and the mercury content, extensive research shows that silver fillings are safe for most people. Regular dental care and visits to the dentist will help ensure the longevity and effectiveness of your silver fillings. If you have concerns about silver fillings or are considering alternatives, talk to your dentist for guidance on the best option for your needs.
Related topics:
