Awareness of the gut microbiome has skyrocketed in recent years, with probiotics and advice on maintaining gut health becoming integral to many people’s wellness routines. Now, the oral microbiome is gaining similar attention as one of the largest microbial communities in the human body, second only to the gut. But what exactly is the oral microbiome, and how does it influence our health? Dr. Reena Wadia, a leading periodontist and founder of RW Perio in London, provides insight into this critical part of our overall well-being.
“The oral microbiome refers to the diverse community of microorganisms that reside in the human mouth,” Dr. Wadia explains. “It plays a crucial role in both maintaining oral health and contributing to the development of oral diseases.” The oral microbiome harbors over 700 species of bacteria, making it the second largest microbial community in the human body after the gut. Since the entire body is interconnected, oral health is naturally linked to overall health, making it essential to care for both.
Poor oral health doesn’t just stay in the mouth; harmful bacteria from the oral microbiome can travel throughout the body, potentially causing a range of health issues, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, arthritis, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and even affecting mood through the nervous system.
Several lifestyle factors can disrupt the balance of the oral microbiome, which, in turn, can lead to oral health problems. Dr. Wadia identifies several key contributors to an imbalanced microbiome: A diet high in sugars and refined carbohydrates fuels harmful bacteria, which produce acids that erode tooth enamel and contribute to plaque buildup. Processed foods and nutrient-poor meals hinder the growth of beneficial bacteria and reduce saliva production, which is essential for neutralizing acids and washing away food particles.
Inconsistent brushing and flossing can lead to plaque buildup on teeth and gums, increasing the risk of tooth decay and gum disease. When plaque is not removed, it hardens into tartar, which can only be removed by professional dental cleaning. Smoking introduces toxins that impair the immune response in the mouth, promoting an environment where harmful bacteria thrive. This increases the risk of gum disease and slows down the mouth’s ability to heal. While considered less harmful than smoking, vaping has its own risks. Many vaping liquids contain chemicals that irritate and dry out oral tissues, potentially altering the balance of the oral microbiome. Research suggests vaping may increase susceptibility to gum inflammation.
Excessive alcohol consumption, particularly alcohol-based mouthwashes, can dry out the mouth and reduce saliva production. This disrupts the microbiome, as saliva is essential for maintaining a balanced bacterial environment. Frequent alcohol consumption is also linked to tooth decay, gum disease, and an increased risk of oral cancer. Dr. Wadia warns that using overly harsh oral care products, including mouthwashes, can strip away beneficial bacteria along with harmful ones, potentially causing an imbalance in the oral microbiome. While mouthwash can freshen breath, it should not replace daily brushing. “Use mouthwash at a different time from brushing to avoid washing away the fluoride in your toothpaste,” she advises. Mouthwash is best thought of as a supplement to your oral care routine, not a substitute.
To support the health of your oral microbiome and maintain good overall health, Dr. Wadia recommends the following: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains supports a healthy oral environment, reducing the risk of gum disease and inflammation. Practicing optimal oral hygiene—brushing twice a day with a fluoride toothpaste, using the right size interdental brushes, and flossing regularly—helps remove plaque and maintain healthy gums. Scraping your tongue can remove harmful bacteria and help maintain oral hygiene. Clinical-grade tongue scrapers made from materials like gold or silver are highly effective. Advanced treatments like Airflow, a technique that uses air polishing and natural antibacterial powders, can help remove plaque and disinfect the mouth, leaving a dentist-fresh feeling and visibly brighter teeth. Use a rechargeable electric toothbrush for thorough, gentle brushing. Choose a mouth rinse with antimicrobial, microbiome-friendly ingredients to maintain a balanced oral ecosystem.
Taking care of your oral microbiome is vital not only for oral health but for overall well-being. By making informed choices about diet, lifestyle, and oral hygiene, you can promote a balanced microbiome that contributes to long-term oral and systemic health. Dr. Wadia’s advice underscores the importance of a gentle, balanced approach to oral care to keep your smile healthy and naturally radiant.
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