Periodontal disease is a serious condition that affects the gums and bone around the teeth. It is caused by a buildup of plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that forms on the teeth. If plaque is not removed, it can harden into tartar, which can irritate the gums and lead to inflammation.
In the early stages of periodontal disease, the gums may become red, swollen, and tender. They may also bleed easily when brushing or flossing. If the disease is not treated, it can progress to the point where the gums pull away from the teeth, forming pockets. These pockets can become infected and filled with bacteria.
If left untreated, periodontal disease can lead to tooth loss. It can also increase the risk of other health problems, such as heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.
Can periodontal disease be cured?
Periodontal disease is not curable, but it is treatable. The goal of treatment is to remove plaque and tartar, reduce inflammation, and prevent further damage to the gums and bone.
Treatment for periodontal disease may include:
- Professional cleanings: A dentist or periodontist will remove plaque and tartar from above and below the gum line.
- Antibiotics: In some cases, antibiotics may be prescribed to help control the infection.
- Surgery: In more advanced cases, surgery may be necessary to remove infected tissue and bone.
Once treatment is complete, it is important to maintain good oral hygiene to prevent the disease from returning. This includes brushing and flossing twice a day, using fluoride toothpaste, and getting regular dental checkups.
Symptoms of periodontal disease
The early stages of periodontal disease may not cause any symptoms. However, as the disease progresses, you may experience the following symptoms:
- Red, swollen, or tender gums
- Bleeding gums when brushing or flossing
- Bad breath
- Loose teeth
- Receding gums
- Pockets between your teeth and gums
Risk factors for periodontal disease
There are a number of factors that can increase your risk of developing periodontal disease, including:
- Age: Periodontal disease is more common in adults over age 30.
- Smoking: Smoking increases your risk of developing periodontal disease and makes it more difficult to treat.
- Diabetes: People with diabetes are more likely to develop periodontal disease.
- Poor oral hygiene: Poor oral hygiene is the leading cause of periodontal disease.
- Family history: If you have a family history of periodontal disease, you are more likely to develop it yourself.
Complications of periodontal disease
Periodontal disease can lead to a number of complications, including:
- Tooth loss: If periodontal disease is not treated, it can lead to tooth loss.
- Infection: Periodontal infection can spread to other parts of the body, such as the heart, lungs, and brain.
- Heart disease: People with periodontal disease are more likely to develop heart disease.
- Stroke: People with periodontal disease are more likely to have a stroke.
- Diabetes: Periodontal disease can make it more difficult to control diabetes.
Preventing periodontal disease
The best way to prevent periodontal disease is to practice good oral hygiene. This includes brushing and flossing twice a day, using fluoride toothpaste, and getting regular dental checkups.
You can also reduce your risk of developing periodontal disease by:
- Not smoking
- Managing your diabetes
- Eating a healthy diet
- Getting regular exercise
If you think you may have periodontal disease, it is important to see a dentist or periodontist right away. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent further damage to your teeth and gums.
