Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is caused by bacteria that accumulate in the mouth and form plaque. The most common bacteria associated with periodontal disease are Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola. These bacteria are known as “periodontal pathogens” and are capable of causing inflammation and damage to the gums and other supporting tissues of the teeth.
When plaque is not removed from the teeth through regular brushing and flossing, it can harden and form tartar. This creates a breeding ground for bacteria, which can then penetrate below the gum line and cause infection. Over time, the infection can cause the gums to recede and the bone supporting the teeth to break down, eventually leading to tooth loss.
Other factors that can contribute to the development of periodontal disease include smoking, poor oral hygiene, genetics, certain medications, and chronic health conditions such as diabetes.
Preventing periodontal disease involves maintaining good oral hygiene practices, such as regular brushing and flossing, visiting the dentist for regular cleanings and checkups, and avoiding tobacco use. If you notice symptoms of periodontal disease, such as red, swollen, or bleeding gums, it is important to see a dentist as soon as possible to prevent the disease from progressing.
