Hot flashes and night sweats are well-known menopause symptoms, but attention should also be given to oral health during this transition. Dr. Thomas Sollecito, chief of oral medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, emphasizes that many may not realize how hormonal changes can impact teeth and gums.
The primary hormonal shift during menopause is a significant drop in estrogen, which can lead to reduced bone density and saliva production, ultimately affecting oral health. Dr. Maiara Hister-Cockrell from the University of Texas Health San Antonio notes that dental issues may even begin in perimenopause, the phase when estrogen levels gradually decline.
One major concern is decreased saliva production, which Dr. Sollecito describes as “one of the most important fluids in our body.” Reduced saliva can result in dry mouth, increasing the risk of mouth soreness, oral yeast infections, and cavities. This risk is heightened for individuals taking medications for conditions like high blood pressure or diabetes, which can also cause dry mouth.
Lack of saliva means fewer bacteria-fighting enzymes and minerals that strengthen teeth, as explained by Dr. Sally Cram, a periodontist in Washington, D.C. “When your mouth is dry, those bacteria can proliferate, leading to a higher likelihood of tooth decay,” she warns. If decay progresses, tooth loss could occur.
Furthermore, decreasing bone density and gum recession can worsen these dental issues. According to Sollecito, a less dense tooth socket is more susceptible to bone loss, while gum recession can expose tooth surfaces, diminishing the protective enamel.
Women during this phase are also more prone to periodontal disease, characterized by the accumulation of plaque and bacteria under the gums. “Gum tissue becomes red and swollen, bleeds, and starts pulling away from the teeth,” Cram notes, creating deeper crevices that are harder to clean.
Some women may experience “burning mouth syndrome,” where a burning sensation can extend to the tongue, palate, and lips, potentially leading to a cycle of oral health issues.
Strategies for Maintaining Oral Health
Experts recommend several strategies to counteract these challenges. The foundation of oral health is good hygiene and nutrition:
Balanced Diet: Focus on a diet low in sugars and high in calcium-rich foods.
Regular Brushing: Brush gently with fluoride toothpaste at least twice daily and floss regularly.
Electric Toothbrushes: Consider using an electric toothbrush for more effective cleaning.
Regular Dental Visits: Schedule dental check-ups and ask about areas for improvement in your oral care routine.
Patients should discuss with their dentists whether more frequent visits are necessary and consider in-office fluoride treatments or prescription high-fluoride toothpaste for added protection.
At home, managing dry mouth is crucial. Staying hydrated is key, as Cram points out, “None of us probably drink enough water throughout the day.” Additionally, over-the-counter dry mouth sprays, lozenges, or rinses can be helpful. In more severe cases, dentists can prescribe medications that stimulate saliva production, although these may have side effects.
Overall, Dr. Cram concludes, “Most oral conditions and problems during menopause are totally preventable” with proper attention and care. Prioritizing oral health during this time can significantly impact overall well-being.
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