Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a common oral health problem that affects the gums and the supporting tissues of the teeth. It is caused by bacteria in plaque, which can lead to inflammation and infection if left untreated. Periodontal disease progresses in stages, each with its own set of symptoms and risks. In this article, we will discuss the stages of periodontal disease and what you can do to prevent it.
Stage 1: Gingivitis
Gingivitis is the earliest stage of periodontal disease, and it is characterized by inflammation of the gums. Symptoms of gingivitis include:
- Red, swollen, or tender gums
- Bleeding gums during brushing or flossing
- Bad breath
- Receding gumline
- Gingivitis can be reversed with proper oral hygiene and regular dental cleanings.
Stage 2: Early Periodontitis
Early periodontitis is the second stage of periodontal disease, and it occurs when the infection begins to spread to the supporting tissues of the teeth. Symptoms of early periodontitis include:
- Increased sensitivity to hot and cold foods and beverages
- Loose teeth
- Pus between the teeth and gums
- Changes in the bite
- Early periodontitis can be treated with scaling and root planing, which involves removing plaque and tartar from the teeth and smoothing out the roots to promote healing.
Stage 3: Advanced Periodontitis
Advanced periodontitis is the most severe stage of periodontal disease, and it can cause irreversible damage to the teeth and supporting tissues. Symptoms of advanced periodontitis include:
- Severe gum recession
- Formation of deep pockets between the teeth and gums
- Loss of bone and tissue supporting the teeth
- Tooth loss
- Treatment for advanced periodontitis may involve surgery, such as bone or tissue grafting, to rebuild the supporting structures of the teeth.
Prevention is key to avoiding periodontal disease. Good oral hygiene, including brushing twice a day and flossing daily, is essential. Regular dental cleanings can also help remove plaque and tartar buildup. If you notice any symptoms of periodontal disease, such as bleeding gums or bad breath, it’s important to see your dentist for evaluation and treatment. With proper care and attention, you can maintain healthy gums and teeth for a lifetime.
