Children with developmental disabilities often encounter significant challenges in accessing dental care, despite their heightened risk for tooth decay and other oral health issues. The American Academy of Pediatrics has released new guidance to assist pediatricians in addressing these challenges.
The 20-page clinical report, issued this week, provides detailed recommendations on managing the dental health of children with conditions such as autism, cerebral palsy, intellectual disability, and Down syndrome. These individuals are particularly vulnerable to dental issues due to the unique aspects of their medical conditions and associated treatments.
The report notes that behaviors such as bruxism—an involuntary or voluntary grinding or clenching of teeth—are prevalent in this group. Additionally, factors like seizures and the use of psychotropic medications can exacerbate the risk of dental trauma.
The guidance also highlights the difficulties faced by families in accessing dental care, including finding providers who are both willing and equipped to treat patients with developmental disabilities. It emphasizes the importance of addressing behaviors that may cause self-injury, evaluating the benefits and risks of sedation and general anesthesia, and considering issues like object-chewing and excessive drooling.
To improve care, the report advises primary care providers to connect patients with dental professionals who are experienced in treating children and youth with developmental disabilities. Pediatricians are encouraged to ensure that children have a designated dental home by age one and to facilitate communication between dental providers and families about the child’s intellectual and functional needs.
Dr. Elise Sarvas, lead author of the report, underscores the importance of collaboration between pediatric and dental professionals. “Children and youth with developmental disabilities may struggle to express their needs and may require additional support in maintaining their oral health,” Dr. Sarvas stated. “It’s crucial for medical and dental practitioners to identify these needs and work together with families to deliver optimal care.”
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