Researchers may have discovered a key ion channel involved in dentin hypersensitivity.
Exposure of the dentinal tubules is the main cause of dentin hypersensitivity, affecting approximately 57% of patients worldwide. Risk factors include the intake of acidic foods and beverages, gum recession, periodontal disease, and frequent use of whitening products.
Previous studies have shown that mechanical stimulation, temperature changes, evaporation, touch, chemical, and osmotic stimulation (such as fluid flow in the dentinal tubules) can activate ion channels in odontoblasts and sensory neurons, thereby transmitting pain signals to the brain.
In a comprehensive review recently published in the Journal of Dentistry, researchers systematically reviewed the ion channels associated with dentin hypersensitivity, focusing on the role of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, piezoelectric channels, and acid-sensitive ion channels in sensing stimulation, physiological function, and pain generation.
The results show that these three types of ion channels respond to pressure, temperature, chemical stimulation, and acidic environments, which may cause pain.
The specific mechanism is that after the ion channels in the odontoblasts are activated, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and glutamate are released, which bind to the receptors on the sensory neurons and ultimately produce pain signals.
Nevertheless, the researchers emphasized that these ion channels have multiple important functions in physiology, and direct targeting may be risky and difficult. Therefore, the existing treatment methods for dentin sensitivity are still considered to be safer and more effective options.
Related topics:
